Articles

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Cerebral Palsy (CP)

  • Brooks J, Day SM, Shavelle RM, Strauss DJ (2011). Low weight, morbidity, and mortality in children with cerebral palsy: New clinical growth charts. Pediatrics, Published online July 18, 2011 (10.1542/peds.2010-2801). All of the new growth charts are available here. A copy of the published article may be obtained from the journal or by e-mail request to the first author.

  • Stevenson, et al. (2011). Weight and Mortality Rates: “Gómez Classification” for Children With Cerebral Palsy? Pediatrics 2011; 128:2 e436-e437. This is a commentary on the above article. It may be obtained from the journal or by e-mail request to the first author.

  • Shavelle R, Katz R, MacKenzie R, Rosenbloom L, DeVivo M, Hutton J, Strauss D, Day S, Brooks J (2011). Reply to article by Thomas and Barnes [Letter]. NeuroRehabilitation, 28: 161.

  • Day SM (2010). Improving growth charts for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy through evidence-based clinical practice [Commentary]. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology,52:793, DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03733.x.

  • Krach LE, Kriel RL, Day SM, Strauss DJ (2009). Survival of individuals with cerebral palsy receiving continuous intrathecal baclofen treatment: A matched-cohort study. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, Epub 7 October 2009, ahead of print. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03473.x.

  • Day SM, Brooks J, Strauss D, Shumway S, Shavelle RM, Kush S, Sasco AJ (2008). Cancer mortality in cerebral palsy in California, 1988-2002. International Journal on Disability and Human Development, 7:427-434.

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, Rosenbloom L, Brooks JC (2008). Life expectancy in cerebral palsy: An update. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 50:487-493.

  • Cohen A, Asor E, Tirosh E (2008). Predictive factors of early mortality in children with developmental disabilities: A case-comparison analysis. Journal of Child Neurology, 23:536-542.

  • Day SM, Wu YW, Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, Reynolds RJ (2007). Change in ambulatory ability of adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 49:647-653. See also the commentary by Dr. Bernard Dan.

  • Day SM, Strauss DJ, Vachon PJ, Rosenbloom L, Shavelle RM, Wu YW (2007). Growth patterns in a population of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 49:167-171. All of the growth charts are available here.

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, Reynolds RJ, Rosenbloom L, Day SM (2007). Survival in cerebral palsy in the last 20 years: Signs of improvement? Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 49:86-92.

  • Hutton JL, Pharoah POD (2006). Life expectancy in severe cerebral palsy. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 91:254-258.

  • Hemming K, Hutton JL, Pharoah PO (2006). Long-term survival for a cohort of adults with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 48:90-95.

  • Hemming K, Hutton J, Colver A, Platt MJ (2005). Regional variation in survival of people with cerebral palsy in the United Kingdom. Pediatrics, 116:1383-1390.

  • Strauss D, Rosenbloom L, Day S, Shavelle R (2005). Cognitive function in tetraplegic cerebral palsy with severe motor dysfunction [letter]. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 47:562.

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, Day SM (2004). Letter to the editor re: Plioplys article. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 11:236.

  • Wu Y, Day SM, Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM (2004). Prognosis for ambulation in cerebral palsy: A population-based study. Pediatrics, 114:1264-1271.

  • Rosenbloom, L (2004). Estimating life expectancy in children with neurological disabilities. Clinical Risk, 10:12-13.

  • Strauss DJ, Ojdana KA, Shavelle RM, Rosenbloom L (2004). Decline in function and life expectancy of older persons with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation, 19:69-78.

  • Tsirikos AI, Change WN, Dabney KW, Miller R, Glutting J (2003). Life expectancy in pediatric patients with cerebral palsy and neuromuscular scoliosis who underwent spinal fusion. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 45:677-682.

  • Katz RT (2003). Life expectancy for children with cerebral palsy and mental retardation: Implications for life care planning. NeuroRehabilitation, 18:261-270.

  • Nielsen JD, Uldall PV, Rasmussen S, Topp MW (2002). Survival of children born with cerebral palsy. Children born 1971-1986. Ugeskr Laeger, 164:5640-5643. [Article in Danish with English abstract at the end.]

  • Hutton JL, Pharoah POD (2002). Effects of cognitive, motor, and sensory disabilities on survival in cerebral palsy. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 86:84-89. Includes commentary by Dr. Lewis Rosenbloom.

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM (2001). Life expectancy in cerebral palsy [letter]. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 85:442.

  • Eyman RK, Grossman HJ (2001). Living with cerebral palsy and tube feeding [letter]. Journal of Pediatrics, 138:147.

  • Shavelle RM, Strauss DJ, Day SM (2001). Comparison of survival in cerebral palsy between countries [letter]. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 43:574.

  • Blair E, Watson L, Badawi N, Stanley FJ (2001). Life expectancy among people with cerebral palsy in Western Australia. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 43:508-515.

  • Hutton JL, Colver AF, Mackie PC (2000). Effect of severity of disability on survival in north east England cerebral palsy cohort. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 83:468-474.

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM (2000). Causes of excess mortality in cerebral palsy [response to letter by Maudsley and Pharoah]. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 42:287-288.

  • Smith SW, Camfield C, Camfield P (1999). Living with cerebral palsy and tube feeding: A population-based follow-up study. Journal of Pediatrics, 135:307-310.

  • Strauss DJ, Cable W, Shavelle RM (1999). Causes of excess mortality in cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 41:580-585.

  • Plioplys AV, Kasnicka I, Lewis S, Moller D (1998). Survival rates among children with severe neurologic disabilities. Southern Medical Journal, 91:161-172. See also our comments on the methodology used, and letter to the editor.

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM (1998). Survival estimates of severely disabled children [Letter]. Pediatric Neurology, 19:243-244.

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, Anderson TW (1998). Life expectancy of children with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Neurology, 18:143-149.

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM (1998). Life expectancy of adults with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 40:369-375.

  • Singer RB, Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM (1998). Comparative mortality in cerebral palsy patients in California, 1980-1996. Journal Of Insurance Medicine, 30:240-246.

  • Strauss DJ (1997). Life expectancies in children with cerebral palsy [Letter]. Lancet, 349:283-284.

  • Crichton JU (1995). The life expectancy of persons with cerebral palsy [response to letter by DMB Hall; Dr. Hall's letter is included here]. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 37:1031-1033.

  • Hall DMB (1995). The life expectancy of persons with cerebral palsy [letter commenting on the 1995 article by Crichton et al.; response by Dr. Crichton included here]. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 37:1031-1033.

  • Crichton JU, Mackinnon M, White CP (1995). The life expectancy of persons with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 37:567-576.

  • Hutton JL, Cooke T, Pharoah POD (1994). Life expectancy in children with cerebral palsy. British Medical Journal, 309:431-435.

  • Evans PM, Evans SJW, Alberman E (1990). Cerebral palsy: Why we must plan for survival. Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 65:1329-1333.

Vegetative State (VS), Minimally Conscious State (MCS), and Locked-In Syndrome (LIS)

  • Shavelle RM, Strauss DJ, Katz RT (2008). Survival of persons with locked-in syndrome: A correction. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89:1005.

  • Shavelle RM, Strauss DJ, Day SM, Ojdana KA (2007). Life Expectancy. In: ND Zasler, DI Katz & RD Zafonte (Eds.), Brain Injury Medicine: Principles and Practice. New York: Demos Medical Publishing.To purchase the book, click here.

  • Ashwal S (2005). Recovery of consciousness and life expectancy of children in a vegetative state. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 15:190-197.

  • Ashwal S (2004). Pediatric vegetative state: Epidemiological and clinical issues. NeuroRehabilitation, 19:349-360.

  • Doble JE, Haig AJ, Anderson C, Katz R (2003). Impairment, activity, participation, life satisfaction, and survival in persons with locked-in syndrome for over a decade: Follow-up on a previously reported cohort. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 18:435-444.

  • Strauss DJ, Ashwal S, Day S, Shavelle RM (2000). Life expectancy of children in vegetative and minimally conscious states. Pediatric Neurology, 23:312-319.

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, Ashwal S (1999). Life expectancy and median survival time in the permanent vegetative state. Pediatric Neurology, 21:626-631.

  • Multi-Society Task Force on the Persistent Vegetative State (1995). Medical aspects of the persistent vegetative state [correction letter]. New England Journal of Medicine, 130:333.

  • Multi-Society Task Force on the Persistent Vegetative State (1994). Medical aspects of the persistent vegetative state. New England Journal of Medicine. Part I: 330:1499-1508.

  • Multi-Society Task Force on the Persistent Vegetative State (1994). Medical aspects of the persistent vegetative state. New England Journal of Medicine. Part II: 330:1572-1579.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

  • Harrison-Felix CL, Whiteneck GG, Jha A, DeVivo MJ, Hammond FM, Hart DM (2009). Mortality over four decades after traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: A retrospective cohort study. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 90:1506-1513.

  • Baguley IJ, Nott MT, Slewa-Younan S (2008). Long-term mortality trends in functionally-dependent adults following severe traumatic-brain injury. Brain Injury, 22:919-925.

  • Colantonio AC, Escobar MD, Chipman M, McLellan B, Austin PC, Mirabella G, Ratcliff G (2008). Predictors of postacute mortality following traumatic brain injury in a seriously injured population. J Trauma, 64:876-882.

  • Cameron CM, Purdie DM, Kliewer EV, McClure RJ (2008). Ten-year outcomes following traumatic brain injury: A population-based cohort. Brain Injury, 22:437-449.

  • Shavelle RM, Strauss DJ, Day SM, Ojdana KA (2007). Life Expectancy. In: ND Zasler, DI Katz & RD Zafonte (Eds.), Brain Injury Medicine: Principles and Practice. New York: Demos Medical Publishing. To purchase the book, click here.

  • Ratcliff G, Colantonio A, Escobar M, Chase S, Vernich L (2005). Long-term survival following traumatic brain injury. Disability and Rehabilitation, 27:305-314.

  • Brown AW, Leibson CL, Malec JF, Perkins PK, Diehl NN, Larson DR (2004). Long-term survival after traumatic brain injury: A population-based analysis, NeuroRehabilitation, 19:37-43.

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, DeVivo MJ, Harrison-Felix C, Whiteneck GG (2004). Life expectancy after traumatic brain injury [letter]. NeuroRehabilitation, 19:257-258.

  • Harrison-Felix C, Whiteneck G, DeVivo M, Hammond FM, Jha A (2004). Mortality following rehabilitation in the traumatic brain injury model systems of care. NeuroRehabilitation, 19:45-54.

  • Shavelle RM, Strauss DJ, Whyte J, Day SM, Yu YL (2001). Long-term causes of death after traumatic brain injury. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 80:510-516.

  • Shavelle RM, Strauss DJ (2000). Comparative mortality of adults with traumatic brain injury in California, 1988-97. Journal of Insurance Medicine, 32:163-166.

  • Baguley I, Slewa-Younan S, Lazarus R, Green A (2000). Long-term mortality trends in patients with traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 14:505-512.

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, DeVivo MJ (1999). Life tables for people with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Insurance Medicine, 31:104-105.

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, Anderson TW (1998). Long term survival of children and adolescents after traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 79:1095-1100.

  • Roberts AH (1979). Severe accidental head injury: An assessment of long-term prognosis. London: The Macmillan Press.

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)

  • Strauss D, DeVivo M, Shavelle R, Brooks J, Paculdo D (2008). Economic factors and longevity in spinal cord injury: A reappraisal. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89:572-574.

  • DeVivo MJ (2007). Trends in spinal cord injury rehabilitation outcomes from model systems in the United States: 1973-2006. Spinal Cord, 45:713-721.

  • Shavelle RM, DeVivo MJ, Paculdo DR, Vogel LC, Strauss DJ (2007). Long-term survival after childhood spinal cord injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 30:S48-S54.

  • Shavelle RM, DeVivo MJ, Strauss DJ, Paculdo DR, Lammertse DP, Day SM (2006). Long-term survival of persons ventilator dependent after spinal cord injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 29:511-519.

  • Strauss DJ, DeVivo MJ, Paculdo DR, Shavelle RM (2006). Trends in life expectancy after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 87:1079-1085.

  • O’Connor PJ (2005). Survival after spinal cord injury in Australia. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86:37-47.

  • Strauss DJ, DeVivo M, Shavelle RM (2000). Long-term mortality risk after spinal cord injury. Journal of Insurance Medicine, 32:11-16.

  • DeVivo MJ, Krause JS, Lammertse DP (1999). Recent trends in mortality and causes of death among persons with spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 80:1411-1419.

  • Coll JR, Frankel HL, Charlifue SW, Whiteneck GG (1998). Evaluating neurological group homogeneity in assessing the mortality risk for people with spinal cord injuries. Spinal Cord, 36:275-279.

  • Frankel HL et al. (1998). Long-term survival in spinal cord injury: A fifty year investigation. Spinal Cord, 36: 266-274.

  • Yeo JD, Walsh J, Rutkowski S, Soden R, Craven M, Middleton J (1998). Mortality following spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 36:329-336.

  • McColl MA, Walker J, Stirling P, Wilkins R, Corey P (1997). Expectations of life and health among spinal cord injured patients. Spinal Cord, 35:818-828.

  • DeVivo MJ, Stover SL (1995). Long-term survival and causes of death. In: SL Stover, JA DeLisa, GG Whiteneck (Eds.), Spinal cord injury, pp.289-316. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen. [The PDF link is to selected pages only. For the full chapter: click here.]

  • DeVivo MJ, Ivie SC (1995). Life expectancy of ventilator-dependent persons with spinal cord injuries. Chest, 108:226-232.

Autism

  • Picket JA, Paculdo DR, Shavelle RM, Strauss DJ (2006). 1998-2002 update on causes of death in autism [letter]. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36:287-288.

  • Shavelle RM, Strauss DJ, Pickett J (2001). Causes of death in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31:569-576.

  • Shavelle RM, Strauss DJ (1998). Comparative mortality of persons with Autism in California, 1980-1996. Journal Of Insurance Medicine, 30:220-225.

Down Syndrome

  • Health News letter, July 2009, by Drs. Day and Satgé: Are persons with Down syndrome protected against some forms of cancer?

  • Satgé D, Sasco AJ, Day SM, Culine S (2009). A lower risk of dying from urological cancer in Down Syndrome: Clue for cancer protecting genes on chromosome 21. Urol Int, 82:296–300, DOI: 10.1159/000209361.

  • Sasco AJ, Day SM, Voirin N, Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, Satgé D (2008). Cancer mortality in Down syndrome in California. International Journal on Disability and Human Development, 7:415-422.

  • Day SM, Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, Reynolds RJ (2005). Mortality and causes of death in persons with Down syndrome in California. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 47:171-176.

  • Singer RB, Strauss DJ (1997). Comparative mortality in mentally retarded patients in California, with and without Down's syndrome, 1986-1991. Journal of Insurance Medicine, 29:172-184.

  • Strauss DJ, Eyman RK (1996). Mortality of people with mental retardation in California with and without Down syndrome, 1986-1991. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 100:643-653.

  • Strauss DJ, Zigman WB (1996). Behavioral capabilities and mortality risk in adults with and without Down syndrome. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 101:269-281.

Comparative Mortality (Placement Of The Developmentally Disabled)

  • Shavelle RM, Strauss DJ, Day SM (2005). Deinstitutionalization in California: Mortality of persons with developmental disabilities after transfer into community care, 1997-1999. Journal of Data Science, 3:371-380.

  • Shavelle RM, Strauss DJ (1999). Mortality of persons with developmental disabilities after transfer into community care: A 1996 update. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 104:143-147.

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM (1998). What can we learn from the California mortality studies? Mental Retardation, 36:406-407.

  • Strauss DJ, Kastner TA and Shavelle RM (1998). Mortality of adults with developmental disabilities living in California institutions and community care, 1985-1994. Mental Retardation, 36:360-371.

  • Strauss DJ, Anderson T, Shavelle RM, Sheridan F, and Trenkle S (1998). Causes of death of persons with developmental disability placed from California institutions into community care. Mental Retardation, 36:386-391.

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, Baumeister AA, and Anderson R (1998). Mortality in persons with developmental disabilities after transfer into community care. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 102:569-581.

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, Anderson T, and Baumeister AA (1998). External causes of death among persons with mental retardation: The effect of residential placement. American Journal of Epidemiology, 147:855-862.

  • Strauss DJ and Shavelle RM (1997). Mortality of persons with mental retardation in institutions and in the community [Letter]. American Journal of Public Health, 87:1870-1871.

  • Strauss DJ, Kastner TA (1996). Comparative mortality of people with mental retardation in institutions and the community. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 101:26-40.

  • Strauss DJ, Eyman RK, Grossman HJ (1996). Predictors of mortality in children with severe mental retardation: the effect of placement. American Journal of Public Health, 86:1422-1429.

Epilepsy

  • Day SM, Wu YW, Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, Reynolds RJ (2005). Causes of death in remote symptomatic epilepsy. Neurology, 65:216-222.

  • Day S, Strauss D, Shavelle R, Wu YW (2003). Excess mortality in remote symptomatic epilepsy. Journal of Insurance Medicine, 35:15-20.

  • Strauss DJ, Day SM, Shavelle RM, Wu YW (2003). Remote symptomatic epilepsy: Does seizure severity increase mortality? Neurology, 60:395-399.

Other Articles

  • Shavelle RM, Delaney CS (2010). Evidence-based life expectancy and the physician. International Journal of Child Health and Human Development, 3:283-300.

  • Strauss DJ (2010). Evidence-based life expectancy [Commentary]. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 52:695.

  • Shavelle RM, Strauss DJ (2009). Rating the raters: Evaluating the predictions from a life expectancy rating service. Journal of Insurance Medicine, 41:178–190. See also a shorter and less technical version.

  • Shavelle RM, Paculdo DR, Strauss DJ, Kush SJ (2009). Cognitive impairment and mortality in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Journal of Insurance Medicine, 41:110–116.

  • Shavelle RM, Paculdo DR, Kush SJ, Mannino DM, Strauss DJ (2009). Life expectancy and years of life lost in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Findings from the NHANES III follow-up study. International Journal of COPD, 4:137-148.

  • Shavelle RM, Paculdo DR, Strauss DJ, Kush SJ (2008). Smoking habit and mortality: A meta-analysis. Journal of Insurance Medicine, 40:170-178.

  • Shavelle RM, Kush SJ, Paculdo DR, Strauss DJ, Day SM (2008). Underwriting the Presidents. Journal of Insurance Medicine, 40:120-123.

  • Oakeshott P, Hunt GM, Kerry S, Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, Reynolds RJ (2008). Survival and mobility in open spina bifida: Comparison of results from the United Stated and the United Kingdom. International Journal on Disability and Human Development, 7:101-106.

  • Shavelle RM, Strauss DJ, Paculdo DR (2006). Computing exact excess death rates and mortality ratios from a mortality study with limited information on the age distribution. Journal of Insurance Medicine, 38:105-110. The associated Microsoft Excel workbook is available here.

  • Strauss DJ, Vachon PJ, Shavelle RM (2005). Estimation of future mortality rates and life expectancy in chronic medical conditions. Journal of Insurance Medicine, 37:20-34.

  • Shavelle RM, Strauss DJ, Day SD (2003). Comparative mortality of persons with mental retardation in California 1980-1999. Journal of Insurance Medicine, 35:5-8.

  • Rice LF, Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM (2000). Life expectancy and the birth-injured plaintifff. Forum (published by the Consumer Attorneys of California), November Issue, pages 6-9.

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, DeVivo MJ, Day S (2000). An analytic method for longitudinal mortality studies. Journal of Insurance Medicine, 32:217-225.

  • Strauss DJ and Shavelle RM (1998). Life expectancy of persons with chronic disabilities. Journal of Insurance Medicine, 30:96-108.

  • Shavelle RM and Strauss DJ (1998). A long period multistate life table. Mathematical Population Studies, 7:161-177.

  • Shavelle RM and Strauss DJ (1998). Improved sample survey estimates using past values. Pakistan Journal of Statistics, 15:47-63.

  • Strauss DJ and Shavelle RM (1998). An extended Kaplan-Meier estimator and its applications. Statistics in Medicine, 17:971-982.

  • Strauss DJ (1998). On Miettinen's multivariate confounder score. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51:233-236.

  • Strauss DJ, Kastner T, Ashwal S, White J (1997). Tubefeeding and mortality in children with severe disabilities and mental retardation. Pediatrics, 99:358-362.

  • Strauss DJ, Ashwal S, Shavelle RM, and Eyman RK (1997). Prognosis for survival and improvement of children with developmental disabilities. Pediatrics, 131:712-717.

  • Eyman RK, Grossman HJ, Chaney RH, Call TL (1993). Survival of profoundly handicapped people with severe mental retardation. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 147:329-336. See also our letter to the editor regarding the errors in this article.

  • Eyman RK, Grossman HJ, Chaney RH, Call TL (1990). The life expectancy of profoundly handicapped people with mental retardation. New England Journal of Medicine, 323:584-589. See also our correction of the life tables in this article.

Discounted Cost Of Future Care (Present Value Of Future Medicals)

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, Pflaum C, Bruce C (2001). Discounting the cost of future care for persons with disabilities. Journal of Forensic Economics, 14:79-87.

  • Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, Pflaum C, Bruce C (2000). Incorporating the effect of reduced life expectancy into awards for future costs of care. The Expert Witness, Winter 2000, volume 5, number 4. Also available on the Economica web site.

  • See also a short and non-technical discussion of the same issue: "Discounting the cost of future care: Current methods overestimate the present value."